diff --git a/app/Services/HR/EmployeeService.php b/app/Services/HR/EmployeeService.php
index 7661b31a..1eb2798a 100644
--- a/app/Services/HR/EmployeeService.php
+++ b/app/Services/HR/EmployeeService.php
@@ -8,6 +8,8 @@
 use App\Models\User;
 use Illuminate\Contracts\Pagination\LengthAwarePaginator;
 use Illuminate\Support\Facades\DB;
+use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Hash;
+use Illuminate\Support\Str;
 
 class EmployeeService
 {
@@ -91,13 +93,34 @@ public function createEmployee(array $data): Employee
         $tenantId = session('selected_tenant_id');
 
         return DB::transaction(function () use ($data, $tenantId) {
+            // user_id 생성: 이메일 있으면 @ 앞부분, 없으면 EMP_랜덤6자
+            $userId = ! empty($data['email'])
+                ? Str::before($data['email'], '@')
+                : 'EMP_'.strtolower(Str::random(6));
+
+            // user_id 중복 방지
+            while (User::where('user_id', $userId)->exists()) {
+                $userId = $userId.'_'.Str::random(3);
+            }
+
+            // 이메일: 미입력 시 임시 이메일 생성 (NOT NULL 제약)
+            $email = ! empty($data['email'])
+                ? $data['email']
+                : $userId.'@placeholder.local';
+
+            // email 중복 방지
+            while (User::where('email', $email)->exists()) {
+                $email = $userId.'_'.Str::random(3).'@placeholder.local';
+            }
+
             // User 생성
             $user = User::create([
-                'user_id' => $data['email'] ?? $data['name'],
+                'user_id' => $userId,
                 'name' => $data['name'],
-                'email' => $data['email'] ?? null,
+                'email' => $email,
                 'phone' => $data['phone'] ?? null,
-                'password' => bcrypt($data['password'] ?? 'sam1234!'),
+                'password' => Hash::make($data['password'] ?? 'sam1234!'),
+                'role' => 'ops',
                 'is_active' => true,
                 'must_change_password' => true,
                 'created_by' => auth()->id(),